Diabetes is a chronic medical condition in which the body either produces no insulin and/or cannot effectively utilize the insulin it produces. Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of developing complications including: heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, neuropathy and kidney disease. Overall death rates for people with diabetes are about twice as high as those without the disease.
What is diabetes? Diabetes occurs when your body does not produce enough insulin and/or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is the hormone that helps your body turn glucose (sugar) into energy. Instead, glucose builds up in the blood.
Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Prediabetes often develops into diabetes or is a precursor of glucose intolerance. If you have prediabetes, controlling your weight and eating healthy foods can delay or prevent prediabetic conditions from developing into diabetes and the diseases it causes.
Signs and Symptoms
The following signs may be related to diabetes. If you notice any of these, contact your doctor:
Diabetes symptoms vary depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may sometimes not experience symptoms. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe.
Diabetes symptoms vary depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may sometimes not experience symptoms. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe.
Some of the signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Extreme hunger
- Unexplained weight loss
- Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin)
- Fatigue
- Irritability
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing sores
- Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections
How common is diabetes?
Some 34.2 million people of all ages – about 1 in 10 – have diabetes in the U.S. Some 7.3 million adults aged 18 and older (about 1 in 5) are unaware that they have diabetes (just under 3% of all U.S. adults). The number of people who are diagnosed with diabetes increases with age. More than 26% of adults age 65 and older (about 1 in 4) have diabetes.
Who gets diabetes? What are the risk factors?
Factors that increase your risk differ depending on the type of diabetes you ultimately develop.
Prevention
Simple lifestyle measures have been shown to be effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes. To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications, people should:
- achieve and maintain a healthy body weight;
- be physically active – doing at least 30 minutes of regular, moderate-intensity activity on most days. More activity is required for weight control;
- eat a healthy diet, avoiding sugar and saturated fats; and
- avoid tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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